IRIN Coverage of Mapping Pathways ARV-Based Prevention Report: “Here’s all this science - now what?”

via IRIN

 Excerpt:
According to Mapping Pathways, the ideal approach to implementing treatment as prevention should consider not only the clinical goal of efficacy (works in a lab), but also effectiveness (how to apply the solution in a community).

“I know that if you get anti-retroviral drugs into someone’s blood, they suppress the virus. We have amazing proof of that - it’s a major scientific breakthrough in the history of humankind,” said Linda-Gail Bekker, chief operating officer of the Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, based in South Africa.

“But now we have to put this together so it works, which means engaging with a wide range of human beings who live very different lives than those of us who run these programmes might imagine,” she said.

Effectiveness requires behaviour change and, therefore, varies across cultures, governments, and communities based on “the firms that produce the drugs, the healthcare clinics that deliver the drugs, the community centres that provide education, and the partnerships developed,” according to Mapping Pathways.

“Human beings will behave like human beings. What does that mean? Well, social sciences have been trying to figure that out for centuries and don’t have one single theory, so why should our HIV programmes?” asked Bekker.

“The notion that in HIV programmes `one size fits all’ has backfired on us and it has been a humbling moment for those of us who work in this field.”

Read the whole article on IRIN.


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Podcast: Mapping Pathways' San Francisco "Knowledge Exchange Workshop" - More Robust, Better Resourced Behavioral and Implementation Science is Needed!

Jim and Jessica from the Mapping Pathways team have podcasted again!

This new 12-minute podcast (click to listen) was produced by AIDS Foundation of Chicago (a Mapping Pathways partner) and is the fourth in a series of discussions inspired by our new report "Developing Evidence-Based, People-Centred Strategies for the Use of Antiretrovirals as Prevention."

In this new podcast,  Jim and Jessica talk about the recent Mapping Pathways "Knowledge Exchange Workshop" at the beautiful San Francisco AIDS Foundation which included researchers, public health officials, policy experts, advocates, and prevention staffers from the Bay Area. Our report provided the backdrop - and the launch pad - for rich discussion/debate and a series of future-thinking exercises focued on ARV-based prevention strategies and scenario planning. The above pic is an "action shot" from the workshop.

Big take-aways from our two days together include the need for more robust (and better resourced) behavioral science and implementation projects - and for advocacy devoted to both these areas. We have vaccine advocates, microbicide advocates, treatment advocates, PrEP advocates.... it's about time we have some concerted advocacy for behavioral science and implementation science too! Without more attention and adequate funding for these activities - it won't matter how efficacious a biomedical tool proves to be in a clinical trial. Things like PrEP, etc.  need to work in the REAL world - which a clinical trial does not accurately represent .

Here are the presentation slides used during the workshop.

Other podcasts

Click here for previous podcasts on topics like PEP and PrEP.

And please stay tuned for future podcasts on topics like microbicides, the use of treatment for prevention, and more. Feel free to leave comments or questions here, on the podcast itself, of by sending an email to mappingpathways@gmail.com. [Content that is linked from other sources is for informational purposes and should not construe a Mapping Pathways position. Please look for us on Facebook here www.facebook.com/MappingPathways and you can follow us on Twitter @mappingpathways as well.]

Archbishop Desmond Tutu: If we are to toss AIDS into the dustbin...

If we are to toss AIDS into the dustbin, we must do our best to understand the intersections of scientific discovery and community wisdom, address the truths in both, and move forward with decisions that take into consideration a full, robust interpretation of the evidence base.
- Archbishop Desmond Tutu

These are extraordinary times in which we are living. More than three decades into the global HIV pandemic, discussing ‘the end of AIDS’ is more than a rhetorical flourish, more than political grandstanding, and more than wishful thinking.

At this very moment, we have ‘the end of AIDS’ in our collective sights in a way we have never had before. Even as the epidemic continues to wreak havoc in the lives of far too many of our precious daughters, sons, sisters, brothers, mothers, fathers, friends and colleagues across the world – new and exciting scientific discoveries are pointing to a future where AIDS is a brutish artefact of history.

Science has shown us that treating HIV-positive people with a combination of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) is not only good for the individual being treated, but also imparts a prevention benefit for the broader community as well. People on successful treatment do not get sick and die, and are much less likely to pass their infection to their partners.

Science has also shown that ARV drugs provided to HIV-negative individuals can protect them from the virus if exposed, much like anti-malarial drugs prevent malaria. And there are new, user-friendly ways to deliver ARVs being developed and tested at this very moment.

We simply must take the critical next steps to end AIDS now that science proves it can be achieved. If enough global citizens, people of faith, members of the private sector and world leaders summon the courage to accelerate and increase their investments in the global response to overcome AIDS, we have a very good chance of containing the worst viral scourge the world has ever known.

Conducting research in India, South Africa and the US, Mapping Pathways has taken such a step, one that helps make ‘real-world’ sense of the incredibly dynamic nature of the science. With new discoveries and insights coming so quickly it is hard to keep up.

Much like politics, all science is local. The understanding of what this new science means is local. Its utility is local. Yes, we have compelling results from clinical trials, and make no mistake, we will have more. But the opinions, perspectives and lived wisdom of communities, from the grassroots to the grasstops, matter just as much as the peer-reviewed scientific data that are coming at us fast and furiously. How communities absorb, understand and prioritise the science matters.

Placing a premium on a ‘people-centred’ interpretation of the science, Mapping Pathways has tapped the smarts, and the hearts, of advocates, researchers, clinicians, policymakers, pharmacists, funders, public health workers and people living with HIV. The results of their journey are illustrated in this monograph. I hope these findings will help communities across the globe grapple with the promises, and the marked complexities, of this thrilling new prevention paradigm in which we find ourselves.

I recommend Mapping Pathways – Developing evidence-based, people-centred strategies for the use of antiretrovirals as prevention. If we are to toss AIDS into the dustbin, we must do our best to understand the intersections of scientific discovery and community wisdom, address the truths in both, and move forward with decisions that take into consideration a full, robust interpretation of the evidence base.

Let us map new pathways together, for our generation and for those who follow. Let us be the generation to make the difference.

Let us be done with AIDS.

-Archbishop Desmond Tutu

[This is the foreword penned by Archbishop Desmond Tutu in the new Mapping Pathways report "Developing evidence-based, people-centred strategies for the use of antiretrovirals as prevention."  Click here for podcasts, an infographic, and a video associated with this report.]

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U.S. Preventive Services Task Force May Soon Make HIV Testing Routine

via the Huffington Post, by Salimah Ebrahim

WASHINGTON, Aug 20 (Reuters) - A U.S. health panel may soon make HIV testing as standard a practice as checking cholesterol levels, a move that would fundamentally change how the virus is detected and treated.

The U.S. Preventive Services Task force, a government-backed group of clinicians and scientists, is expected to make a new recommendation on HIV screening available for public comment before the end of the year.

Health officials close to the panel, speaking on condition of anonymity, see it making a positive recommendation for routine screening, updating their current position, issued in 2005, which leaves the decision up to doctors.

Under President Barack Obama's healthcare law, passed in 2010, insurers are required to cover preventive services that are recommended by the task force.

"This would be one of those major sea changes ... moving away from what has been somewhat the segmentation of HIV - either by population, by geography," said Michael Kharfen, chief of community outreach for the Washington, D.C., Department of Health. Kharfen, who worked on the frontlines of the HIV epidemic in New York in the 1980s, recalls when the prognosis for the disease was "practically certain you were going to die.

"It still will take culture change for medical providers, but this will be a tremendous leap," he said

Read the rest.


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Three-quarters of clinicians in the US willing to prescribe early HIV treatment for the purpose of prevention

via aidsmap.com, by Michael Carter

There is an overwhelming consensus among clinicians who prescribe HIV treatment in the US that people who are taking antiretroviral therapy are less likely to transmit HIV to their sexual partners, according to results of a study published in the online edition of the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. Results also showed that over three-quarters of care providers would be willing to prescribe early therapy to people with an HIV-negative partner for the purposes of prevention.

The study involved 165 prescribing clinicians working at HIV clinics in the Bronx, New York, and Washington DC. It was conducted in 2010 and 2011, well before the publication of the results of the HPTN 052 study in the summer of 2012, which showed that virologically suppressive HIV treatment reduced the risk of transmission by 96%. US HIV treatment guidelines were updated in 2012 to endorse early treatment to reduce the risk of transmission.

“This survey of HIV clinicians in two US cities found most clinicians believe that ART [antiretroviral therapy] can reduce HIV transmission, even before the results of HPTN 052 demonstrated ART to be effective for this purpose, and before 2012 treatment guideline changes recommending ART for patients at risk for HIV transmission,” write the authors.

Read the rest.


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Cipla launches HIV/AIDS treatment kit at Rs 158

via IBN Live

New Delhi: Drug major Cipla on Tuesday said it has launched 'Qvir', a four-drug kit priced at Rs 158 per kit to be used for treating HIV/AIDS. The kit consists of two tablets packaged together in one strip which represents a single day's treatment, Cipla said in a statement.

Commenting on the introduction Cipla Chairman and Managing Director YK Hamied said: "While we are committed to making drugs affordable and accessible, we also endeavour to have more options for HIV infected patients, which are potent, effective, patient-friendly and easy to take".

As the tablets are packaged together in one strip, the patient does not have to remember which tablet he took, and cannot mistakenly take two of the same tablet, the company said.

Read the rest.


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Newly infected individuals sustaining HIV epidemic in Geneva

via aidsmap, by Michael Carter

Individuals with recent HIV infection are sustaining the epidemic, a Swiss study published in the online edition of AIDS suggest. The investigators believe that their results further support the use of antiretroviral therapy as prevention, but also show that its impact on the epidemic will be blunted because of the high number of transmissions which can be attributed to individuals who have been recently infected with HIV and who are not yet taking treatment.

Phylogenetic analysis showed that only a handful of infections in individual diagnosed between 2008 and 2010 could be attributed to patients diagnosed before 2000. Patients with longer-term HIV infection were the group most likely to be taking antiretroviral therapy and to have an undetectable viral load.

“Recent HIV infections were a significant source of HIV spread,” comment the authors. “By contrast, HIV individuals diagnosed before 2000 were rarely the source of new infections before 2008.”

It is now widely accepted that patients who are taking HIV therapy that suppresses their viral load to undetectable levels are highly unlikely to transmit the virus to their sex partners.

Read the rest.


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CDC Issues Interim Guidance for Clinicians Considering the Use of Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection in Heterosexually Active Adults

via Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

In the United States, an estimated 48,100 new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections occurred in 2009 (1). Of these, 27% were in heterosexual men and women who did not inject drugs, and 64% were in men who have sex with men (MSM), including 3% in MSM who inject drugs. In January 2011, following publication of evidence of safety and efficacy of daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg (TDF)/emtricitabine 200 mg (FTC) (Truvada, Gilead Sciences) as antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce the risk for HIV acquisition among MSM in the iPrEx trial, CDC issued interim guidance to make available information and important initial cautions on the use of PrEP in this population.

Those recommendations remain valid for MSM, including MSM who also have sex with women (2). Since January 2011, data from studies of PrEP among heterosexual men and women have become available, and on July 16, 2012, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a label indication for reduction of risk for sexual acquisition of HIV infection among adults, including both heterosexuals and MSM.* This interim guidance includes consideration of the new information and addresses pregnancy and safety issues for heterosexually active adults at very high risk for sexual HIV acquisition that were not discussed in the previous interim guidance for the use of PrEP in MSM.

Read the rest.


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The battle against HIV and AIDS, selling sex in India, and what next for Ghana

via the Guardian, by Liz Ford

Funding for HIV and Aids treatment and prevention, and the barriers to receiving it, were the focus of two conferences last week.

World leaders and celebrities gathered at the International Aids Conference in Washington DC to discuss the issues. Among the attendees was the president of the World Bank, Jim Yong Kim, who told Global development that the long-term sustainable response to the Aids crisis needed to include discussions on how to spur growth in the private sector. He also talked about his mission to end poverty.

On another continent, sex workers from more than 40 countries held an alternative HIV summit to urge the case for their rights and protest at US visa restrictions barring them from attending the Washington conference. The week-long summit in Kolkata, India, highlighted the ways in which the fight against HIV has forced governments to talk to marginalised groups.

Read the rest.


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WHO issues first guidance on use of antiretrovirals by HIV-negative people at high risk to prevent infection

via World Health Organization

20 JULY 2012 | GENEVA / WASHINGTON DC - WHO has issued its first guidance to countries that are considering offering HIV medications, known as antiretrovirals (ARVs), to protect people who do not have the virus but who are at high risk of HIV infection.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP):

The guidance is based on clinical trials indicating that a daily dose of oral antiretroviral medication, known as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), taken by HIV-negative people to reduce the risk of infection, is both safe for people to use and effective in preventing HIV. The iPrEX study shows that use of PrEP can reduce HIV infection by around 40% among men who have sex with men – and up to 73% among those who took the medicine regularly. The Partners PrEP study found 75% protection among serodiscordant couples (couples in which one person is HIV positive) in Kenya and Uganda.

The range of results in these studies highlight the potential benefits of PrEP, but also the importance of combining it with consistent use of condoms, as well as frequent HIV testing, counselling, and treatment of sexually transmitted infections.

They also emphasize the importance of taking medicines every day. Many people who are at high risk for HIV may not easily be able to incorporate the diligent treatment regimen required, so the next challenge is to ascertain how best to deliver PrEP to those who would benefit from it in ‘real life’ settings in order to achieve the necessary adherence and maximum public health gains.


PrEP projects in countries:

To better understand how PrEP can best contribute to a combination HIV prevention programme, WHO is encouraging countries wishing to introduce PrEP to first establish small projects to help public health workers to better understand and realize its potential benefits. In these projects, ARVs would be given to people at high risk of HIV infection. These could include uninfected men or transgender women who have sex with men who have a high risk of being HIV-positive. The aim is to identify which groups will benefit most from PrEP, and ascertain the best ways to deliver the services to them.

WHO will evaluate the outcome of these projects, together with the evolving scientific evidence. The results will help determine the best way to integrate PrEP guidance in future consolidated WHO guidelines on the use of antiretrovirals for preventing and treating HIV infection, which are expected in the summer of 2013.


Read the rest.



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Save Lives: End the HIV Stigma

via CNN, by  Ronald Johnson

Ronald Johnson is vice president of policy and advocacy for AIDS United, a national nonprofit organization dedicated to ending the HIV/AIDS epidemic in our lifetimes. AIDS United is a Mapping Pathways partner.

As a gay black man who came of age just before the 1969 Stonewall riots, I've seen far too many examples of the inequalities that exist in America.


But I'm also highly encouraged by recent developments: same-sex marriage support from President Barack Obama and the NAACP, and a wave of federal court rulings -- from the Defense of Marriage Act being deemed unconstitutional to the rejection of California's Proposition 8 -- that have opened a promising new chapter in the gay rights movement.

All of this suggests that after many, many years, we are finally piercing the stigma surrounding being gay in America.

Now let's talk about erasing the stigma of HIV/AIDS.

Right now, 1.2 million Americans are living with HIV/AIDS. I am one of them.

Read the rest.


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US approval of drug for HIV prevention welcomed cautiously in UK

via Pink News, by Stephen Gray

The decision by US authorities to approve the anti-retroviral drug Truvada for groups at risk of contracting HIV has been cautiously welcomed in the UK.

The US Food and Drug Administration approved Truvada for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), to help prevent HIV infection amongst those at very high risk.

the FDA emphasised the need for other prevention methods, such as safe sex practices, risk reduction counselling and regular HIV testing.

FDA commissioner Margaret A Hamburg said it was an “important milestone” in the fight against HIV.

She said: “Every year, about 50,000 US adults and adolescents are diagnosed with HIV infection, despite the availability of prevention methods and strategies to educate, test, and care for people living with the disease.

“New treatments as well as prevention methods are needed to fight the HIV epidemic in this country.”

Read the rest.


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An AIDS-Free Generation?

via Science, by Salim S. Abdool Karim

The HIV pandemic remains a great global health challenge.  With an estimated 3.3 million people living with HIV today, is there really hope of achieving the vision of an AIDS-free generation? Optimists argue that strong political will and generous funding are the essential elements. But skeptics point to the deep-seated structural inadequacies in many health care systems, especially in Africa, where the need is greatest.

However, both sides agree that a potential combination of therapeutic and prophylactic antiretroviral strategies brings the prospect of HIV control within reach. And this month, the International AIDS Conference in Washington, DC, “Turning the Tide Together,” will attempt to galvanize concerted global action to focus the world’s attention on this challenge.

Knowledge of HIV status is the common gateway to both treatment and prevention. But many people remain unaware of their HIV status. Denial, stigma, and a lack of understanding of vulnerability and risk lead to low rates of HIV testing, suboptimal condom use, and poor rates of circumcision. In addition to wider HIV testing, scale-up of ART therapy, both for the patient’s benefit and for the prevention benefi t to partners,will be key to reducing HIV transmission and to reaching zero new HIV infections.

Read the rest.

(This article requires you to sign up for a free registration to access to the full text)


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HIV and the Law

via the Global Commission on HIV and the Law

The end of the global AIDS epidemic is within our reach. This will only be possible if science and action are accompanied by a tangible commitment to respecting human dignity and ending injustice.

Law prohibits or permits specific behaviours, and in so doing, it shapes politics, economics and society. The law can be a human good that makes a material diff erence in people’s lives. It is therefore not surprising that law has the power to bridge the gap between vulnerability and resilience to HIV.

We came together as a group of individuals from diverse backgrounds, experiences and continents to examine the role of the law in eff ective HIV responses. What we share is our abiding commitment to public health and social justice. We have listened with humility to hundreds of accounts describing the eff ects of law on HIV. In many instances, we have been overwhelmed by how archaic, insensitive laws are violating human rights, challenging rational public health responses and eroding social fabric. At other times, we have been moved by those who demonstrate courage and conviction to protect those most vulnerable in
our societies.

Many would say that the law can be complex and challenging and is best left alone. Our experience during this Commission has shown us a very different perspective. We have been encouraged by how frank and constructive dialogue on controversial issues can sometimes quickly lead to progressive law reform, the eff ective defence of legislation or better enforcement of existing laws. Even in environments where formal legal change is a slow and arduous process, we have witnessed countries taking action to strengthen access to justice and challenge stigma and discrimination.

Click here for the full report.


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Investigating the Impact of Treatment on New HIV Infections

via PLoS Collections

The HIV Modelling Consortium aims to strengthen the support that mathematical modelling and related quantitative disciplines can provide to global decision-making in HIV. In November 2011 the HIV Modelling Consortium held a meeting in South Africa to focus on the cross-cutting issues of the impact of new scientific findings about HIV treatment preventing new infections. The group considered the feasibility of interventions, potential epidemiological impact, affordability, and new scientific observational studies and community trials. The nine reviews and one research article which comprise this collection arose from that meeting and provide insights into the factors which will support evidence-based decision-making in HIV prevention, with a focus on the use of antiretroviral treatment to prevent HIV transmission.

Read the rest here.


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Botswana's 'Stunning Achievement' Against AIDS

via NPR, by Jason Beaubien

The southern African nation of Botswana has one of the highest rates of HIV in the world. Nearly 25 percent of all adults in the country are infected with the virus. Only the nearby kingdom of Swaziland has a higher rate.

But Botswana is also remarkable for its response to the epidemic. It has one of the most comprehensive and effective HIV treatment programs in Africa. Transmission of HIV from infected mothers to their fetuses and newborn babies has been brought down to just 4 percent.

A decade ago, Botswana was facing a national crisis as AIDS appeared on the verge of decimating the country's adult population. Now, Botswana provides free, life-saving AIDS drugs to almost all of its citizens who need them.

"From the beginning of the epidemic, there's been tremendous leadership on the part of the government of Botswana to address the epidemic head on."

Read the rest.


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Addressing the structural drivers of HIV/AIDS: a luxury or necessity for programmes?

via Journal of the International AIDS Society, by Seeley J, Watts CH, Kippax S, Russell S, Heise L, Whiteside A.

Abstract

The social, economic, political and environmental structural factors that increase susceptibility to HIV infection and undermine prevention and treatment efforts continue to pose a challenge. The papers in this series highlight the importance of sustaining those efforts to address the structural drivers of the HIV epidemic, and that initiatives to achieve HIV elimination will only come about through a comprehensive HIV response, that includes meaningful responses to the social, political, economic and environmental factors that affect HIV risk and vulnerability. In the context of declining resources for HIV/AIDS, the papers speak to the need to integrate responses to the structural drivers of HIV/AIDS into future HIV investments, with both initiatives to integrate HIV into broader gender and development initiatives, as well as adaptations of current service models, to ensure that they are sensitive to and able to respond to the broader economic and social responsibilities that their clients face.

Access the free PDF here.


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Once-A-Day Pill Shows Promise for People Living with HIV

via abcNEWS, by Mikaela Conley

Doctors told Thomas DeLorenzo he would have lived only two more days had he not come into the emergency room when he did in January 2001. He was dying of AIDS, they said, and his future was bleak because he had waited so long to get treated.

He was in denial for years after his partner died of AIDS in 1995. But after finally getting diagnosed six years later, he "did whatever the doctors said. Whatever it took," DeLorenzo, 49, of Los Angeles said.

"I remember the first day I took the medication," said DeLorenzo, who is now in law school. "It's this big moment that you say, 'Oh f---, here I am.' Reality just hits you in the face."

That was in 2001. After several trials and errors with drug cocktails, he has found a a stable treatment regimen that includes about 17 pills each day to combat and suppress the HIV, while also curbing side effects of the drugs.

And now, a new once-daily "Quad" pill might be added to the arsenal of effective HIV treatments in the near future, according to a new study published in the Lancet. The drug, which combines several medcations into one, could help patients like DeLornezo take fewer pills in the future.

For adults starting antiretroviral treatment, the U.S. Department Health and Human Services recommends the standard treatment for HIV-positive patients, four different drugs, which involved several pills multiple times a day.

Researchers from Harvard Medical School randomly assigned 700 North American patients on two different single-pill regiments, either the new Quad or Atripla, a drug that has become the standard treatment, approved by the FDA in 2006.

After nearly one year of treatment, 88 percent of patients on the Quad experienced a suppression of the virus, compared with 84 percent of the patients on Atripla, the study showed.

Both drugs were also proven to be safe, with only 3.7 percent of the study participants stopping the Quad and 5.1 percent stopping the Atripla.

Read the rest.


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Reasons to Use Biomedical Prevention to Fight HIV/AIDS

via thewarning.info

In France, the controversy between HIV organizations about PrEP appear in the media and social networks, from moral considerations disguised in ethical objections to classic behavioral speculations (as there was on the TasP or PEP) [4].

So, to clarify and defuse the situation, it should be noted some points :

The biomedical prevention is a revolution in terms of sexual and mental health for serodifferent couples (especially those who want to have children) and poz sex workers (under pressure from their customers to have condomless sex), removing the risk and visceral fear of contamination. It is essential for fighting the demonization of people living with HIV/Aids (PLWHA) in our poz-phobic society : they are no longer considered as « viral bombs ».

 The biomedical prevention is a need expressed by all PLWHAs and peoples concerned by HIV [5].

 The biomedical prevention is an additional argument for the battle for universal access to treatment in poor countries and in prisons.

 The biomedical prevention is an important argument against the criminalization of HIV transmission, which beyond our respective countries, is increasing in Africa (since women are the first victims).

 The biomedical prevention must be done within the strict framework of informed consent and needs (therapeutic, psychological, sexual and social) of the concerned person(s). In no circumstances it may force the initiation of treatment to anyone, even if early treatment appears to have benefits, and although some mathematical models abound for the establishment of a general strategy of Test&Treat. Warning has long been positioned on the subject [6].

These reasons alone are sufficient to promote biomedical prevention [7] in a responsible manner and combined [8] to other tools in the fight against AIDS : condoms, HIV testing [9], Counseling, and struggles against serophobia and criminalization of sexual transmission of HIV.

Read the rest.


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Uganda Dismisses Truvada as an HIV Vaccine

via observer.ug, by Shifa Mwesigye

Scientists in Uganda have dismissed reports that an HIV vaccine has been found.

The reports follow the US-based Food and Drug Administration’s approval of the anti-retroviral drug Truvada as a preventive measure against the transmission of HIV. Prof Pontiano Kaleebu, director of the Uganda Virus Research Institute in Entebbe, says Truvada is not an HIV vaccine but an anti-retroviral drug.

“No HIV vaccine has yet been discovered. There are, however, ongoing studies and efforts to discover a vaccine,” Kaleebu said.

Truvada has been shown to reduce risk of infection by up to 42% in gay and bisexual men and 75% in heterosexual couples according to the AIDS Research Alliance. Dr Patrick Ndase, the Ugandan HIV prevention research expert at the University of Washington, says Truvada is an anti-retroviral agent that has been in use for HIV treatment since 2004. It is one of the first line of drugs for HIV treatment in several countries in Africa.

“It most certainly is not a vaccine. The concept studied is the use of an anti-retroviral drug for HIV prevention similar to the approach used for prevention of mother-to-child transmission,” he said.

“There is no vaccine and clearly no clear timeframe can even be put to hopes of ever getting a vaccine against HIV, but the hope is alive.”

The scientists say that Truvada does not offer 100% protection against HIV and may encourage risky behaviour. For Truvada to give some measure of protection, an HIV negative person would have to take it daily, something that is difficult even for people who take part in vaccine and drug trials.

Read the rest.


[Content that is linked from other sources is for informational purposes and should not construe a Mapping Pathways position. Please look for us on Facebook here www.facebook.com/MappingPathways and you can follow us on Twitter @mappingpathways as well.]